Muchigadziro chekugadzirisa mvura, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa flocculants ndeye aruminiyamu munyu uye iron salts, iyo aruminiyamu munyu inosara mumvura yakagadziriswa inoisa pangozi hutano hwevanhu, uye yakasara yesimbi munyu ichakanganisa ruvara rwemvura, nezvimwewo; muzhinji Mukurapa kwemvura yetsvina, zvakaoma kukunda matambudziko echipiri ekusvibiswa akadai sehuwandu hwemadhaka uye kuraswa kwakaoma kwedhaka. Naizvozvo, kutsvaga chigadzirwa chechisikigo chisingakonzere kusvibiswa kwechipiri kune zvakatipoteredza kutsiva aruminiyamu munyu uye iron munyu flocculants ndiko kudiwa kwekuita hurongwa hwekusimudzira nhasi. Natural polymer flocculants yakakwezva kutarisisa pakati peakawanda maflocculants nekuda kwekuwanda kwavo kwakawanda zviwanikwa, mutengo wakaderera, sarudzo yakanaka, diki dosage, chengetedzo uye isiri-chepfu, uye biodegradation yakazara. Mushure memakumi emakore ebudiriro, nhamba huru yemasikirwo emapolymer flocculants ane akasiyana zvivakwa uye mashandisirwo akabuda, pakati peiyo starch, lignin, chitosan uye yemiriwo glue zviri kushandiswa zvakanyanya.
ChitosanProperties
Chitosan is white amorphous, translucent flaky solid, isinganyunguriki mumvura asi inonyungudika muasidhi, inova deacetylation chigadzirwa chechitin. Kazhinji kutaura, chitosan inogona kunzi chitosan apo boka reN-acetyl muchitin rinobviswa nevanopfuura 55%. Chitin ndicho chikamu chikuru che exoskeletons yemhuka uye zvipembenene, uye ndiyo yechipiri yakakura kwazvo organic compound pasi pano mushure me cellulose. Se flocculant, chitosan yakasikwa, isiri-chepfu uye inoparadza. Kune akawanda mapoka ehydroxyl, mapoka emaamino uye mamwe mapoka eN-acetylamino akagoverwa pane macromolecular cheni ye chitosan, inogona kuumba cationic polyelectrolytes ine high charge density muacidic solutions, uye inogonawo kugadzira network-like zvimiro nenzira yehydrogen bond kana ionic. zvisungo. Cage molecules, nokudaro kuomesa uye kubvisa akawanda ane chepfu uye anokuvadza heavy metal ions. Chitosan nezvakatorwa zvine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekushandisa, kwete chete mumucheka, kudhinda uye dhayi, kugadzira mapepa, mushonga, chikafu, indasitiri yemakemikari, biology uye kurima uye mimwe minda yakawanda ine akawanda maitiro ekushandisa, asiwo mukurapa kwemvura, inogona kushandiswa. se adsorbent, flocculation agents, fungicides, ion exchangers, membrane kugadzirira, etc. Chitosan yakagamuchirwa neU.S. Environmental Protection Agency semumiririri wekuchenesa mvura yekunwa nekuda kwezvakanaka zvayo zvakasiyana mukushandiswa kwemvura uye kurapwa kwemvura.
Kushandiswa kweChitosanmuKurapa Mvura
(1) Bvisa zvinhu zvakaturikwa mumvura. Mumvura yechisikigo, inova yakashata yakachajiswa colloid system nekuda kwekuvapo kwevhu mabhakitiriya, etc. Senge refu-chain cationic polymer, chitosan inogona kutamba maviri mabasa emagetsi neutralization uye coagulation uye adsorption uye bridging, uye ane simba coagulation. mhedzisiro pazvinhu zvakamiswa. Kuenzaniswa neyechinyakare alum uye polyacrylamide se flocculants, chitosan ine zvirinani kujekesa maitiro. RAVID et al. akadzidza mhedzisiro ye flocculation kurapwa kweimwe kaolin yekugovera mvura apo chitosan pH kukosha yaive 5-9, uye yakaona kuti flocculation yakakanganiswa zvakanyanya ne pH kukosha, uye inoshanda pH kukosha kwekubvisa turbidity yaive 7.0-7.5. 1mg / L flocculant, iyo turbidity yekubvisa chiyero inopfuura 90%, uye flocs inogadzirwa yakaoma uye inokurumidza, uye iyo yakazara flocculation sedimentation nguva haipfuure 1h; asi kana pH kukosha kunoderera kana kuwedzera, flocculation kunyatsoshanda kunodzikira, zvichiratidza kuti chete In nhete pH renji, chitosan anogona kuumba yakanaka polymerization pamwe kaolin particles. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakawana kuti kana flocculated bentonite kumiswa inorapwa ne chitosan, iyo yakakodzera pH kukosha kwemhando yakakura. Saka, kana mvura ine turbid ine zvimedu zvakafanana nekaolin, zvakakosha kuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwe bentonite se coagulant kuvandudza polymerization ye.chitosanpazvimedu. Gare gare, RAVID et al. akawana kuti
Kana pane humus mu kaolin kana kuti titanium dioxide kumiswa, zviri nyore kutenderera uye kuiputira ne chitosan, nokuti iyo yakashata inopomerwa humus inosungirirwa pamusoro pezvikamu, uye humus inoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa pH kukosha. Chitosan ichiri kuratidza yepamusoro flocculation zvimiro zvemiviri yemvura yakasikwa ine turbidity yakasiyana uye alkalinity.
(2) Bvisa algae nemabhakitiriya kubva mumvura. Mumakore achangopfuura, vamwe vanhu kunze kwenyika vakatanga kudzidza adsorption uye flocculation ye chitosan pane biological colloid system senge algae uye mabhakitiriya. Chitosan ine simba rekubvisa pamvura yakachena algae, inonzi Spirulina, Oscillator algae, Chlorella uye blue-green algae. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kune algae yemvura yakachena, kubvisa kwakanakisisa pane pH ye7; kune marine algae, pH yakaderera. Chiyero chakakodzera chechitosan chinoenderana nekusangana kwealgae mumvura yemvura. Iyo yakanyanya kuwanda kwealgae, iyo yakawanda dosi ye chitosan inoda kuwedzerwa, uye kuwedzera kwedosi ye chitosan kunokonzeresa kuyerera uye kunaya. faster. Turbidity inogona kuyera kubviswa kwealgae. Kana iyo pH kukosha iri 7, 5mg/Lchitosaninogona kubvisa 90% yehuturu mumvura, uye iyo yakakwirira yealgae concentration, iyo yakawanda ye floc particles uye zviri nani kuita sedimentation.
Ongororo yemicroscopic yakaratidza kuti algae yakabviswa nekupuruzira uye sedimentation yaingounganidzwa uye yakanamatira pamwechete, uye yakanga ichiri muchimiro uye inoshanda. Sezvo chitosan isingakonzerese mhedzisiro yakaipa pazvipenyu zviri mumvura, mvura yakagadziriswa inogona kushandiswa kumvura yakachena yemvura, kusiyana nemamwe maflocculants ekugadzira mvura. Iyo yekubvisa nzira ye chitosan pabhakitiriya yakaoma. Nekudzidza kuyerera kweEscherichia coli ine chitosan, zvinoonekwa kuti iyo isina kuenzana bhiriji nzira ndiyo huru nzira yeiyo flocculation system, uye chitosan inoburitsa hydrogen zvisungo pamarara esero. Imwe ongororo yakaratidza kuti kushanda kwechitosan flocculation yeE. coli kunoenderana kwete chete nekuchaja kweiyo dielectric asiwo kune yayo hydraulic dimension.
(3) Bvisa aruminiyamu yasara uye chenesa mvura yekunwa. Aluminium munyu uye polyaluminium flocculants inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumapombi emvura yekurapa maitiro, asi kushandiswa kwealuminium munyu flocculants kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwealuminium kugutsikana mumvura yekunwa. Aluminium yakasara mumvura yekunwa injodzi huru kuhutano hwevanhu. Kunyange zvazvo chitosan inewo dambudziko remvura yakasara, nokuti ndeye yakasikwa isiri-chepfu alkaline aminopolysaccharide, iyo yakasara haizokonzeri kukuvadza kumuviri wemunhu, uye inogona kubviswa muhutano hunotevera. Pamusoro pezvo, iko kushandiswa kwakasanganiswa kwechitosan uye inorganic flocculants senge polyaluminium chloride inogona kuderedza zvirimo mune yakasara aruminiyamu. Naizvozvo, mukurapa kwemvura yekunwa, chitosan ine zvakanakira izvo mamwe ekugadzira organic polymer flocculants haakwanise kutsiva.
Kushandiswa kweChitosan muWastewater Treatment
(1) Bvisa ayoni esimbi. Iyo molecular cheni yechitosanuye zvinobva pairi ine nhamba huru yemapoka emamino nemapoka ehydroxyl, saka ine chelating mhedzisiro pane akawanda masimbi ions, uye inogona zvinobudirira adsorb kana kutora heavy metal ions mumhinduro. Catherine A. Eiden uye zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti adsorption capacity ye chitosan kuPb2 + uye Cr3 + (mu unit ye chitosan) inosvika 0.2 mmol / g uye 0.25 mmol / g, maererano, uye ine simba rakasimba rekudsorption. Zhang Ting'an et al. yakashandisa deacetylated chitosan kubvisa mhangura ne flocculation. Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti apo pH inokosha yaiva 8.0 uye kuwanda kwekoni yemhangura mumvura yakaderera kupfuura 100 mg / L, mhangura yekubvisa mhangura yakanga iri pamusoro pe99%; Huremu hwekusangana i400mg/L, uye kuwanda kwemaion emhangura mumvura yasara kuchiri kusangana nechiyero chepasi rose chekurasa mvura. Imwe ongororo yakaratidza kuti kana pH = 5.0 uye adsorption nguva yaive 2h, chiyero chekubvisa chitosan kuenda kuNi2+ mu adsorption kemikari nickel plating tsvina mvura inogona kusvika 72.25%.
(2) Bata mvura yetsvina ine mapuroteni akawanda akadai semvura yetsvina yechikafu. Panguva yekugadzirwa kwechikafu, tsvina yemvura ine huwandu hukuru hwezvakarembedzwa zvakasimbiswa inoburitswa. Iyo chitosan molecule ine amide boka, amino boka uye hydroxyl boka. Ne protonation yeboka reamino, rinoratidza basa re cationic polyelectrolyte, iyo isingaite chelating mhedzisiro pane zvinorema simbi, asi zvakare inogona kunyatso flocculate uye adsorb zvisina kunaka zvinochajiswa zvimedu mumvura. Chitin uye chitosan zvinogona kuumba complexes nehydrogen bonding nemapuroteni, amino acids, mafuta acids, etc. Fang Zhimin et al. kushandiswachitosan, aruminiyamu sulfate, ferric sulfate uye polypropylene phthalamide sema flocculants kudzoreredza mapuroteni kubva mugungwa kugadzira tsvina. High protein recovery rate uye effluent light transmittance inogona kuwanikwa. Nekuti chitosan pachayo haina chepfu uye haina kusvibiswa kwechipiri, inogona kushandiswa kudzokorodza zvinhu zvinobatsira zvakaita seprotein uye starch mumvura yakaraswa kubva kumiti yekugadzira chikafu kuti igadziriswe uye ishandiswezve, sekuwedzera kudyisa sekudya kwemhuka.
(3) Kugadziriswa kwekudhinda uye kudhaya mvura yetsvina. Kudhinda nekudhaya mvura yetsvina kunoreva mvura yetsvina inoburitswa mudonje, mvere dzemakwai, kemikari faibha uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemachira mukugadzirisa, kudhaya, kudhinda nekupedza. Inowanzo ine munyu, organic surfactants uye dhayi, nezvimwewo, ine zvikamu zvakaoma, chroma yakakura uye COD yakakwirira. , uye kukura munzira ye-anti-oxidation uye anti-biodegradation, iyo inokuvadza zvakanyanya kuhutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Chitosan ine mapoka emaamino nemapoka ehydroxyl, uye ine simba rakasimba rekushambadza padhayi, kusanganisira: kushambadza kwemuviri, makemikari adsorption uye ion exchange adsorption, kunyanya kuburikidza nehydrogen bonding, electrostatic kukwezva, ion exchange, van der Waals force, hydrophobic kupindirana, nezvimwe. effect. Panguva imwecheteyo, chimiro chemolecular ye chitosan chine nhamba huru yemapoka ekutanga amino, ayo anoumba yakanakisa polymer chelating agent kuburikidza nekubatanidza zvisungo, izvo zvinogona kuunganidza dhayi mumvura ine tsvina, uye haina chepfu uye haiburitse kusvibiswa kwechipiri.
(4) Kushandiswa mukubvisa matope. Parizvino, ruzhinji rwemadhorobha ekuchenesa tsvina zvirimwa zvinoshandisa cationic polyacrylamide kurapa tsvina. Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti mumiririri uyu ane yakanaka flocculation mhedzisiro uye iri nyore kubvisa sludge, asi yakasara, kunyanya acrylamide monomer, ine carcinogen yakasimba. Naizvozvo, ibasa rine revo zvikuru kutsvaka kutsiviwa kwaro. Chitosan yakanaka sludge conditioner, iyo inobatsira kuumba activated sludge mabhakitiriya micelles, ayo anogona kuunganidza zvakashata zvakamiswa zvinhu zvakamiswa uye organic zvinhu mumhinduro, uye kunatsiridza kurapa kwakanaka kweiyo activated sludge process. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti polyaluminium chloride/chitosan composite flocculant haina kungoita zviri pachena mukugadzirisa sludge, asiwo kana ichienzaniswa nekushandiswa kwePAC imwe chete kana chitosan, sludge yakananga kuramba inotanga kusvika yakaderera, uye chiyero chekusefa chakakwira. Inokurumidza uye iri nani conditioner; uyezve, marudzi matatu e carboxymethyl chitosan (N-carboxymethyl chitosan, N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan uye O-carboxymethyl chitosan) anoshandiswa seThe flocculant yakaedzwa pakudzikisa kwemvura yesludge, uye zvakaonekwa kuti flocs dzakaumbwa dzaive. yakasimba uye isiri nyore kutyora, zvichiratidza kuti mhedzisiro yeflocculant pakubvisa sludge yaive nani pane iyo yeakajairika flocculants.
Chitosanuye zvibereko zvayo zvakapfuma mune zviwanikwa, zvakasikwa, zvisiri-chepfu, zvinoparara, uye zvine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana panguva imwe chete. Iwo magreen water treatment agents. Yayo mbishi, chitin, ndiyo yechipiri yakakura kwazvo organic musanganiswa pasi pano. Naizvozvo, mumakore achangopfuura, kukura kwechitosan mukurapwa kwemvura kune kukurumidza kuri pachena. Sepolymer yechisikigo inoshandura marara kuita pfuma, chitosan yakatanga kushandiswa muminda yakawanda, asi kuita uye kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemumba zvichine imwe gap kana zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzakasimukira. Nekudzika kwekutsvagisa kwechitosan uye zvinobva kwayo, kunyanya iyo yakagadziridzwa chitosan ine yakanakisa synthesis zvivakwa, ine kuwedzera uye kwakawanda kukosha kwekushandisa. Kuongorora tekinoroji yekushandisa ye chitosan mukurapwa kwemvura uye kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza zvechitosan zvinobva kune yakakura application renji ichave yakafara kwazvo musika kukosha uye tarisiro yekushandisa.
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Nguva yekutumira: Aug-09-2022