Vazhinjisa vavagari vomunyika yangu vanogara mumataundi maduku nomunzvimbo dzokumaruwa, uye kushatiswa kwetsvina yomumaruwa kunzvimbo yemvura kwakwezva ngwariro inowedzera.Kunze kweiyo yakaderera chiyero chekuchenesa tsvina mudunhu rekumadokero, mwero wekuchenesa tsvina mumaruwa enyika yangu wakawedzera.Zvisinei, nyika yangu ine ndima yakakura, uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, mararamiro uye mamiriro ehupfumi emataundi nemisha ari munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana anosiyana zvikuru.Maitiro ekuita basa rakanaka mune decentralized sewage kurapwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro enzvimbo, ruzivo rwenyika dzakabudirira rwakakodzera kudzidza.
tekinoroji huru yenyika yangu yekuchenesa tsvina
Kune kunyanya anotevera marudzi etekinoroji yekuchenesa tsvina yekumaruwa munyika yangu (ona Mufananidzo 1): tekinoroji yebiofilm, tekinoroji yakabatiswa marara emarara, tekinoroji yekurapa kwezvisikwa, tekinoroji yekurapa ivhu, uye tekinoroji yakasanganiswa yebiological uye ecological kurapwa.Dhigirii rekushandisa, uye uve nemakesi akabudirira ekutungamira manejimendi.Kubva pamaonero echikero chekuchenesa tsvina, huwandu hwekugadzirisa mvura hunowanzo pasi pe500 tons.
1. Zvakanakira nekuipira tekinoroji yekuchenesa tsvina yekumaruwa
Mukuita kwekurapwa kwetsvina yekumaruwa, tekinoroji yega yega inoratidza mabhenefiti neakaipa anotevera:
Activated sludge nzira: inochinjika kudzora uye otomatiki kudzora, asi avhareji mutengo pamhuri yakakwira, uye vashandi vakasarudzika vanodiwa pakushanda nekugadzirisa.
Yakagadzirwa wetland tekinoroji: yakaderera mutengo wekuvaka, asi yakaderera yekubvisa mwero uye kusagadzikana kushanda uye manejimendi.
Kurapa kwevhu: kuvaka, kushanda uye kugadzirisa zviri nyore, uye mutengo wakaderera, asi unogona kusvibisa mvura yepasi uye inoda kushanda kwenguva refu uye kugadzirisa manejimendi.
Biological turntable + yekudyara mubhedha: yakakodzera nharaunda yekumaodzanyemba, asi yakaoma kushanda nekuchengetedza.
Diki sewage treatment station: padyo nenzira yekurapa yesuweji yemuguta.Chakanakira ndechekuti mvura ine tsvina yakanaka, uye chakashata ndechekuti haikwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa netsvina yekumaruwa.
Kunyangwe dzimwe nzvimbo dziri kusimudzira tekinoroji "isina-powered" yekuchenesa tsvina yekumaruwa, tekinoroji yekuchenesa tsvina ye "powered" ichiri chikamu chikuru.Parizvino, mumaruwa akawanda, ivhu rakagoverwa kumhuri, uye kune minda shoma yehurumende, uye mwero wekushandiswa kwevhu munzvimbo dzakasimukira mune zvoupfumi wakaderera zvikuru.Zviwanikwa zvevhu zvakakwirira, zvishoma zviripo zvekuchenesa tsvina.Naizvozvo, "simba" tekinoroji yekuchenesa tsvina ine tarisiro yakanaka yekushandisa munzvimbo dzisina kushandiswa kwepasi, hupfumi hwakasimukira uye zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro yemvura.Tekinoroji yekuchenesa tsvina inochengetedza simba uye kuderedza kushandiswa yave nzira yekuvandudza tekinoroji yekuchenesa tsvina mumisha nemataundi.
2. Combination mode yekumaruwa sewage treatment technology
Musanganiswa wetekinoroji yekumaruwa yekumaruwa yekumaruwa ine nzira nhatu dzinotevera:
Yekutanga modhi ndeye MBR kana kubata oxidation kana activated sludge process.Tsvina inotanga kupinda museptic tank, yozopinda mubiological treatment unit, yozopedzisira yabuda mumvura yakapoteredza kuti ishandiswezve.Kushandiswazve kwetsvina yemumaruwa kwanyanya.
Chechipiri modhi inonzi anaerobic + artificial wetland kana anaerobic + pond kana anaerobic + land, kureva kuti, anaerobic unit inoshandiswa mushure meseptic tank, uye mushure mekurapwa kwezvakatipoteredza, inobudiswa munzvimbo kana kupinda mukushandiswa kwekurima.
Iyo yechitatu modhi ndeye activated sludge + artificial wetland, activated sludge + dziva, contact oxidation + artificial wetland, kana kubata oxidation + land kurapwa, kureva, aerobic uye aeration zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa mushure meseptic tank, uye ecological treatment unit inowedzerwa Simbisa. nitrogen uye phosphorus kubvisa.
Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, yekutanga modhi inomiririra chikamu chikuru, inosvika 61%).
Pakati pematatu ari pamusoro apa, MBR ine maitiro ekurapa ari nani uye akakodzera kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzine huwandu hwemvura inoda, asi mutengo wekushandisa wakakura.Mutengo wekushandisa uye mutengo wekuvaka wenzvimbo yakavakirwa wetland uye anaerobic tekinoroji yakaderera zvakanyanya, asi kana ikatariswa zvizere, zvinodikanwa kuwedzera maitiro eaeration kuti uwane imwe yakanakira yekubuda kwemvura.
Decentralized sewage treatment tekinoroji yakashandiswa kunze kwenyika
1. United States
Nezve manejimendi system uye zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi, iyo decentralized sewage treatment muUnited States inoshanda pasi pehurongwa hwakakwana.Parizvino, iyo yakatemerwa tsvina yekuchenesa nzira muUnited States inonyanya kuve neanotevera matekinoroji:
septic tank.Septic matangi uye kurapwa kwevhu kunowanzo shandiswa matekinoroji kunze kwenyika.Maererano neGermany data yekuongorora, inenge 32% yetsvina yakakodzera kurapwa kwenyika, iyo 10-20% haina kukodzera.Chikonzero chekukundikana chinogona kunge chiri chekuti hurongwa hunosvibisa mvura yepasi, yakadai se: nguva yakawanda yekushandisa nguva;yakawandisa hydraulic load;kugadzirisa uye kuisa matambudziko;matambudziko ekutarisira kushanda, nezvimwewo.
jecha sefa.Kusefa kwejecha ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa tekinoroji yekuchenesa tsvina muUnited States, iyo inogona kuwana yakanaka yekubvisa maitiro.
Aerobic kurapwa.Kurapa kweAerobic kunoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakawanda muUnited States, uye chiyero chekurapa chinowanzova 1.5-5.7t/d, pachishandiswa nzira yebiological turntable kana nzira yakagadziriswa sludge.Mumakore achangopfuura, United States yakaisawo kukosha kukuru pakubata kwakanaka kwenitrogen uye phosphorus kushandiswa.Yakawanda yenitrogen muUnited States inowanikwa mumvura ine tsvina.Zvakakosha kuderedza mari inotevera yekugadzirisa kuburikidza nekuparadzaniswa kwekutanga.
Pamusoro pezvo, kune kuuraya utachiona, kubvisa zvinovaka muviri, kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo, uye N uye P kubviswa uye kupora.
2. Japan
Tekinoroji yeJapan yakagadzikiswa yekuchenesa tsvina inozivikanwa zvakanyanya neiyo septic tank yekurapa system.Manyuko etsvina yemumba muJapan akati siyanei neaya ari munyika yangu.Inonyanya kuunganidzwa zvichienderana nekugadzika kwemvura yetsvina yekuwachira uye mvura yetsvina yemukicheni.
Septic matangi muJapan akaiswa munzvimbo dzisina kukodzera kuunganidzwa kwepombi network uye uko kuwanda kwevanhu kwakadzikira.Septic matangi akagadzirirwa vanhu vakasiyana uye paramita.Kunyange zvazvo matangi epo septic ari kutsiviwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa, achiri kutongwa nekunyura.Mushure meiyo AO reactor, anaerobic, deoxidizing, aerobic, sedimentation, disinfection uye mamwe maitiro, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti iyo A septic tank iri mune yakajairika kushanda.Iko kushandiswa kwakabudirira kwematangi e septic muJapan haisi nyaya yehunyanzvi chete, asi hurongwa hwekutonga hwakakwana pasi pehurongwa hwemutemo hwakazara, huchigadzira nyaya yakabudirira.Parizvino, kune zviitiko zvekushandisa zvematangi emvura munyika yedu, uye zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti kune zvakare misika muSoutheast Asia.Nyika dzakaita seSoutheast Asia, Indonesia, nePhilippine dziri kukanganiswawo nemutemo weJapan wepasirese wetsvina.Malaysia neIndonesia vakagadzira yavo vepamba tekinoroji maratidziro uye nhungamiro yematangi emvura, asi mukuita izvi zvakatemwa uye nhungamiro zvinogona kunge zvisina kukodzera mamiriro avo ekusimudzira hupfumi.
3. European Union
Muchokwadi, kune dzimwe nyika dzakasimukira mune zvehupfumi uye tekinoroji mukati meEU, pamwe nemamwe matunhu ari kumashure mune zvehupfumi uye tekinoroji.Panyaya yekusimudzira hupfumi, dzakafanana nemamiriro emunyika yeChina.Mushure mekubudirira mune zveupfumi, EU iri kushandawo nesimba kuvandudza kucheneswa kwetsvina, uye muna 2005 yakapasa chiyero cheEU EN12566-3 chekurapa kwetsvina.Iyi chiyero inofanirwa kunzi inzira yekugadzirisa matanho kumamiriro enzvimbo, mamiriro enzvimbo, nezvimwe, kusarudza akasiyana tekinoroji ekurapa, kunyanya kusanganisira septic matangi uye kurapwa kwevhu.Pakati pezvimwe zvakatevedzana zviyero, zvivakwa zvakazara, zvidyarwa zvidiki zvekuchenesa tsvina uye masisitimu ekutanga anosanganisirwa.
4. India
Pashure pokunge ndasuma muchidimbu nyaya dzenyika dzakasimukira dzinoverengeka, regai ndizivise mamiriro ezvinhu enyika dzichiri kusimukira muSoutheast Asia dziri pedyo zvikuru nenharaunda dzenyika yangu dzisina kubudirira mune zvoupfumi.Tsvina yemumba muIndia inonyanya kubva mumvura yetsvina yemukicheni.Panyaya yekuchenesa tsvina, septic tank tekinoroji parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa muSoutheast Asia.Asi dambudziko rakawanda rakafanana nerenyika yedu, ndiko kuti, marudzi ose ekusvibiswa kwemvura ari pachena.Nerutsigiro rweHurumende yeIndia, zviito uye zvirongwa zvekukwirisa matangi emvura zviri kuitika, paine zvirevo zvekurapa septic tank uye yekubata oxidation tekinoroji munzvimbo.
5. Indonesia
Indonesia iri munzvimbo dzinopisa.Kunyangwe budiriro yeupfumi hwekumaruwa iri kumashure zvishoma, tsvina yemumba yevagari venzvimbo iyi inonyanya kuiswa munzizi.Naizvozvo, mamiriro ehutano ekumaruwa muMalaysia, Thailand, Vietnam nedzimwe nyika haana tariro.Kushandiswa kwematangi emvura muIndonesia kunokwana makumi mashanu muzana, uye vakagadzirawo marongero akakodzera kusimudzira mashandisirwo nemaitiro ematangi emvura muIndonesia.
Chiitiko chepamusoro chekunze
Kupfupisa muchidimbu, nyika dzakabudirira dzine ruzivo rwakanyanya rwepamusoro izvo nyika yangu inogona kudzidza kubva: hurongwa hwekumisikidza munyika dzakabudirira hwakakwana uye hwakamisikidzwa, uye kune inoshanda inoshanda manejimendi system, inosanganisira kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi uye dzidzo yevagari vemo., nepo mitemo yekuchenesa tsvina munyika dzakabudirira zvakajeka zvikuru.
Kunyanya zvinosanganisira: (1) Rondedzera basa rekuchenesa tsvina, uye panguva imwecheteyo, nyika inotsigira iyo decentralized kurapwa kwetsvina kuburikidza nemari nemitemo;gadzira zviyero zvinoenderana nekudzora uye kutungamira kupatsanurwa kwetsvina;(2) kumisikidza kwakaringana, yakamisikidzwa, uye inoshanda manejimendi manejimendi uye indasitiri manejimendi system kuti ive nechokwadi chekusimudzira kunobudirira uye kushanda kwenguva refu kweiyo decentralized sewage treatment;(3) Kuvandudza chiyero, kugarisana, uye hunyanzvi hwekuvaka uye kushanda kwenzvimbo dzakatemerwa tsvina dzesuweji kuti ive nechokwadi chekubatsirikana, kuderedza mitengo, uye kufambisa kutarisirwa;(4) Specialization (5) kushambadza uye dzidzo uye vagari vechikamu mapurojekiti, nezvimwe.
Mukuita kwekushandisa kunoshanda, chiitiko chakabudirira uye zvidzidzo zvekutadza zvinopfupikiswa kuti ndione budiriro yakadzikama yetekinoroji yekuchenesa tsvina yenyika yangu.
Cr.antop
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-13-2023