Polypropylene glycol (PPG)ipolymer isiri ionic inowanikwa ne ring-opening polymerization ye propylene oxide. Ine hunhu hwakakosha hwakadai sekunyungudika kwemvura kunogadziriswa, huwandu hwakakura hwe viscosity, kugadzikana kwakasimba kwemakemikari, uye chepfu shoma. Mashandisirwo ayo anosanganisira maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira makemikari, mishonga, makemikari ezuva nezuva, chikafu, uye maindasitiri. MaPPG ane huremu hwakasiyana hwemamorekuru (anowanzo tangira pa200 kusvika pa10,000) anoratidza musiyano mukuru wekushanda. MaPPG ane huremu hwakaderera (akadai sePPG-200 ne400) anonyungudika mumvura uye anowanzo shandiswa se solvents uye plasticizers. MaPPG ane huremu hwepakati nepakakwirira (akadai sePPG-1000 ne2000) anonyungudika mumafuta kana kuti semi-solid uye anonyanya kushandiswa mu emulsification uye elastomer synthesis. Inotevera ongororo yakadzama yenzvimbo dzayo huru dzekushandisa:
1. Indasitiri yePolyurethane (PU): Imwe yeZvinhu Zvikuru Zvisina Kugadzirwa
PPG chinhu chakakosha chepolyol pakugadzira zvinhu zvepolyurethane. Nekushandisa isocyanates (senge MDI neTDI) uye kusanganisa ne chain extenders, inogona kugadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa zvePU, zvichifukidza mhando dzese dzemhando dzefuro dzakapfava kusvika dzakasimba:
Ma elastomer ePolyurethane: PPG-1000-4000 anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) uye cast polyurethane elastomers (CPU). Ma elastomer aya anoshandiswa muzvigadziko zveshangu (zvakadai se cushioning midsoles yeshangu dzemitambo), zvisimbiso zvemakanika, mabhandi ekufambisa, uye ma catheter ekurapa (ane biocompatibility yakanaka). Anodzivirira kukwesha, anodzivirira kubvaruka, uye anochinjika.
Kupenda/kunamira kwePolyurethane: PPG inovandudza kuchinjika, kusapinda mumvura, uye kunamira kwezvipfeko uye inoshandiswa mupendi dzeOEM dzemotokari, pendi dzinodzivirira ngura dzeindasitiri, uye zvipfeko zvehuni. Muzvinamira, zvinowedzera simba rekubatanidza uye kusapinda kwemamiriro ekunze, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kushandiswa musimbi dzinobatanidza, mapurasitiki, dehwe, nezvimwe zvinhu.
2. Makemikoro Ezuva Nezuva uye Kutarisirwa Kwemunhu: Zvinowedzera Basa
PPG, nekuda kwekupfava kwayo, hunhu hwayo hwekusanganisa ganda, uye hunhu hwekunyorovesa, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuchengetedza ganda, zvizoro, sipo, nezvimwe zvigadzirwa. Zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana zvemamorekuru zvine mabasa akasiyana:
Emulsifiers neSolubilizers: PPG ine huremu hwepakati nepakati (senge PPG-600 nePPG-1000) inowanzo sanganiswa nemafuta acids nema esters se emulsifier isiri ionic mumakirimu, mafuta ekuzora, mashampoos, nedzimwe nzira, zvichidzikamisa masisitimu emvura yemafuta uye kudzivirira kupatsanurwa. PPG ine huremu hwakaderera (senge PPG-200) inogona kushandiswa semushonga wekunyungudutsa, ichibatsira kunyungudutsa zvinhu zvinonyungudutsa mumafuta zvakaita sezvinonhuwira nemafuta anokosha mumhando dzemvura.
Zvinonyorovesa uye Zvinobvisa Marwadzo: PPG-400 naPPG-600 zvinopa hunyoro hwepakati uye zvinozorodza, zvisinganyanyi kunyorovesa. Zvinogona kutsiva glycerin mu toners uye serums, zvichivandudza kutsvedza kwechigadzirwa. Muzvinyorovesa, zvinogona kuderedza magetsi asingachinji uye kuwedzera kutsvedzerera kwebvudzi. Zvinowedzera Kuchenesa Chigadzirwa: Muma shower gels nesipo dzemaoko, PPG inogona kugadzirisa fomura viscosity, kuwedzera kugadzikana kwefuro, uye kuderedza kushatirwa kwe surfactants. Mu toothpaste, inoshanda se humectant uye thickener, ichidzivirira paste kuti isaome uye isatsemuke.
3. Mashandisirwo Emishonga Nekurapa: Mashandisirwo Akachengeteka Kwazvo
Nekuda kwechepfu shoma uye kusapindirana kwayo zvakanaka (zvinoenderana neUSP, EP, nezvimwe zvinodiwa pakurapa), PPG inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira mishonga nezvinhu zvekurapa.
Zvinotakura Mishonga Nezvinonyungudutsa: PPG ine huremu hwakaderera (senge PPG-200 nePPG-400) mushonga wakanaka kwazvo wemishonga isinganyungudike zvakanaka uye unogona kushandiswa mumishonga inonyungudika nemuromo uye inobayiwa jekiseni (inoda kudzorwa kwakasimba kwekuchenesa uye kubviswa kwetsvina), kunatsiridza kunyungudika kwemishonga uye kuwanikwa kwayo mumuviri. Uyezve, PPG inogona kushandiswa senzvimbo yekuwedzera mishonga kuti ivandudze kuburitswa kwemishonga.
Kugadziriswa kweZvinhu Zvekurapa: Muzvinhu zvekurapa zve polyurethane (zvakadai setsinga dzeropa dzekugadzira, mavharuvhu emwoyo, uye macatheter eweti), PPG inogona kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemvura uye kuenderana kwechinhu ichi, ichideredza mhinduro yemuviri yekudzivirira muviri uku ichivandudzawo kuchinjika kwechinhu ichi uye kuramba ngura kweropa. Zvinhu Zvinobatsira Mumishonga: PPG inogona kushandiswa sechikamu chekutanga mumafuta ekuzora uye makirimu ekuwedzera kupinda kwemishonga muganda uye yakakodzera mishonga yemudumbu (yakadai semafuta anorwisa mabhakitiriya uye steroid).
4. Mafuta ekugadzira neMichina yeMaindasitiri: Mafuta ekugadzira nekushandisa michina yepamusoro
PPG ine mafuta akanaka kwazvo, haipfeki, uye haipise kupisa kwakanyanya uye kwakaderera. Inoenderana zvakanyanya nemafuta emaminerari nezvimwe zvinowedzera, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira mafuta ekugadzira.
Mafuta eHydraulic neGear: MaPPG ane huremu hwepakati nepakati (akadai sePPG-1000 na2000) anogona kushandiswa kugadzira mahydraulic fluids anodzivirira kupfekwa akakodzera masisitimu ehydraulic ane pressure yakakwira mumichina yekuvaka nemidziyo yemuchina. Anoramba achipfava zvakanaka kunyangwe patembiricha yakaderera. Mumafuta egear, anowedzera hunhu hwekudzivirira kupfaka uye kudzivirira kupfekwa, zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwegiya.
Mafuta Ekushanda Nesimbi: PPG inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chinowedzera mukushanda nesimbi nekukuya, ichipa mafuta ekuzora, kutonhora, uye kudzivirira ngura, ichideredza kupfeka kwezvishandiso uye inovandudza kunyatsoshanda kwemuchina. Inogonawo kuora (mamwe maPPG akagadziriswa anosangana nezvinodiwa zvemvura yekucheka isingakuvadzi nharaunda). Mafuta Akakosha: Mafuta anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakakwira, ine kumanikidzwa kwakakwira, kana kuti dzakanyanya (dzakadai senzvimbo dzine acidic nealkaline), dzakadai semidziyo yemuchadenga nemapombi emakemikari nemavharuvhu, anogona kutsiva mafuta echinyakare emineral uye kuvandudza kuvimbika kwemidziyo.
5. Kugadzira Chikafu: Zvinowedzera Zvemhando Yechikafu
PPG yemhando yepamusoro yechikafu (FDA-compliance) inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira emulsification, defoaming, uye moisturizing mukugadzira chikafu:
Kusanganisa uye Kudzikamisa: Muzvigadzirwa zvemukaka (zvakaita se ice cream ne cream) uye zvinhu zvakabikwa (zvakaita se makeke nechingwa), PPG inoshanda se emulsifier kudzivirira kupatsanurwa kwemafuta uye kunatsiridza kufanana kwemavara echigadzirwa uye kuravira. Muzvinwiwa, inodzikamisa kunaka ne pigments kudzivirira kupatsanurwa.
Mushonga wekubvisa furo: Mukuita kwekuvirisa chikafu (sekubikisa doro nesoya muto) uye kugadzira muto, PPG inoshanda semushonga wekubvisa furo kuti idzivirire furo uye ivandudze kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira pasina kukanganisa kunaka.
Chinonhuhwirira: Mumakeke nemaswiti, PPG inoshanda semunyorovesa kudzivirira kuoma nekutsemuka, zvichiita kuti nguva yekushanda kwayo iwedzere.
6. Dzimwe Nzvimbo: Kugadziriswa Kwebasa uye Mashandisirwo Ekubatsira
Mapendi neInki: Kuwedzera papendi nepolyurethane, PPG inogona kushandiswa senzira yekugadzirisa maresin ealkyd ne epoxy, zvichivandudza kuchinjika kwawo, kuenzana, uye kuramba mvura. Mumainki, inogona kugadzirisa viscosity uye kuwedzera kuprinta (semuenzaniso, inki dze offset ne gravure).
Mishonga Inobatsira Pakugadzira Machira: Inoshandiswa senzira yekupedza uye yekupfavisa machira, inoderedza kuungana kwemavara uye inowedzera kupfava. Mukudhaya nekupedzisa, inogona kushandiswa senzira yekuenzana kuti ivandudze kupararira kwemavara uye kuwedzera kufanana kwemavara.
Zvishandiso zveDefoamers neDemulsifiers: Mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari (semuenzaniso, kugadzira mapepa uye kugadzirisa mvura yakasviba), PPG inogona kushandiswa semushonga wekubvisa furo panguva yekugadzira. Mukugadzirwa kwemafuta, inogona kushandiswa semushonga wekubvisa furo kubatsira kuparadzanisa mafuta asina kucheneswa nemvura, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta. Pfungwa Huru dzeKushandisa: Kushandiswa kwePPG kunoda kunyatsoongorora huremu hwemamorekuru (semuenzaniso, huremu hushoma hwemamorekuru hunotarisa pane zvinonyungudutsa uye kunyorovesa, nepo huremu hwepakati nepamusoro hwemamorekuru hunotarisa pakugadzira emulsification nemafuta) uye giredhi rehutsanana (zvigadzirwa zvehutsanana hwakanyanya zvinofarirwa mumaindasitiri ezvekudya nemishonga, nepo magiredhi akajairwa anogona kusarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemaindasitiri). Mamwe mashandisirwo anodawo kugadziriswa (semuenzaniso, grafting kana cross-linking) kuti iwedzere kushanda (semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kudzivirira kupisa uye kunonoka kwemoto). Nekuwedzera kwekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushanda kwepamusoro, nzvimbo dzekushandisa dzePPG dzakagadziriswa (semuenzaniso, PPG yakavakirwa pabio uye PPG inoora) dziri kuwedzera.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-29-2025