Mapolymer anonyudza mvura zvakanyanya akagadzirwa mukupera kwema1960. Muna 1961, Northern Research Institute yeUS Department of Agriculture yakabatanidza starch kuacrylonitrile kekutanga kugadzira HSPAN starch acrylonitrile graft copolymer iyo yakapfuura zvinhu zvechinyakare zvinonyudza mvura. Muna 1978, Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd. yekuJapan yakatungamira mukushandisa mapolymer anonyudza mvura zvakanyanya pamanapukeni anoraswa, izvo zvakakwezva kutariswa kwemasayendisiti kubva kumativi ese epasi. Mukupera kwema1970, UCC Corporation yeUnited States yakaronga kubatanidza mapolymer akasiyana-siyana eolefin oxide nemwaranzi, uye yakagadzira mapolymer asina ionic super absorbent ane simba rekunyudza mvura ka2000, nokudaro ichivhura kugadzirwa kwemapolymer asina ionic super absorbent. Musuwo. Muna 1983, Sanyo Chemicals yeJapan yakashandisa potassium acrylate pamberi pemakomputa ediene akadai semethacrylamide kuti inyudze mapolymer ane super absorbent. Mushure meizvozvo, kambani iyi yakaramba ichigadzira masisitimu akasiyana-siyana e-superabsorbent polymer anoumbwa nepolyacrylic acid nepolyacrylamide yakagadziriswa. Pakupera kwezana remakore rapfuura, masayendisiti anobva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana akagadzira uye akaita kuti mapolymer anobvongodza awedzere nekukurumidza munyika dzese pasi rose. Parizvino, mapoka matatu makuru ekugadzira eJapan Shokubai, Sanyo Chemical neStockhausen ekuGermany akaumba mamiriro ezvinhu ane makumbo matatu. Vanodzora 70% yemusika wepasi rose nhasi, uye vanoita mabasa ekubatana kwenyika dzese kuburikidza nekubatana kwehunyanzvi kuti vatore musika wepamusoro wenyika dzese pasi rose. Kodzero yekutengesa mapolymer anobvongodza mvura. Mapolymer anobvongodza zvakanyanya ane mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana uye mikana yakawanda yekushandisa. Parizvino, kushandiswa kwayo kukuru kuchiri zvigadzirwa zvehutsanana, zvichiita 70% yemusika wese.
Sezvo sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent resin iine simba guru rekunwa mvura uye inoshanda zvakanaka pakuchengetedza mvura, ine mabasa akasiyana-siyana semushonga wekuchengetedza mvura muvhu mune zvekurima nemasango. Kana huwandu hushoma hwe sodium polyacrylate inonyudza mvura yakawanda hukawedzerwa muvhu, mwero wekumera kweimwe nyemba uye kuramba kwemvura kwembeu dzinomera kunogona kuvandudzwa, uye kupenya kwemhepo muvhu kunogona kuwedzerwa. Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwemvura inonyungudika uye hunhu hwakanaka hwekudzivirira mhute uye kudzivirira kutonhora kwe super absorbent resin, inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chitsva chekurongedza. Firimu rekurongedza rakagadzirwa nehunhu hwakasiyana hwe super absorbent polymer rinogona kuchengetedza kutsva kwechikafu zvinobudirira. Kuwedzera huwandu hushoma hwe super absorbent polymer kuzvizoro kunogonawo kuwedzera viscosity ye emulsion, inova chinhu chinosimbisa kunaka. Kushandisa hunhu hwe super absorbent polymer inonyudza mvura chete asi kwete mafuta kana organic solvents, inogona kushandiswa semushonga unobvisa mvura mumaindasitiri.
Nekuti mapolymer anonyudza zvakanyanya haana chepfu, haatsamwisi muviri wemunhu, haapindi divi, uye haapindi ropa, ave achishandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa mumakore achangopfuura. Semuenzaniso, anoshandiswa pamafuta ekuzora ane mvura yakawanda uye akasununguka kushandisa; kugadzira mabhandeji ekurapa nemabhora edonje anogona kunwisa kubuda ropa uye kubuda kubva pakuvhiyiwa nekukuvara, uye anogona kudzivirira kusviba; kugadzira mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kupfuudza mvura nemishonga asi kwete tupukanana. Ganda rekugadzira rinotapukira, nezvimwewo.
Nekufambira mberi kwesainzi netekinoroji, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwave kukwezva kutariswa kwakawanda. Kana polymer inonyungudika zvikuru ikaiswa mubhegi rinonyungudika mutsvina, uye bhegi rikanyungudika mutsvina, bhegi parinonyungudika, polymer inonyungudika zvikuru inogona kunyungudika mvura yacho kuti isimbise tsvina.
Muindasitiri yezvemagetsi, mapolymer anonyudza mvura zvakanyanya anogona kushandiswawo semasensa ehunyoro, masensa ekuyera hunyoro, uye semasensa ekuona kudonha kwemvura. Mapolymer anonyudza mvura zvakanyanya anogona kushandiswa semasensa esimbi ine heavy metal ion uye sezvinhu zvinonyudza mafuta.
Muchidimbu, super-absorbent polymer rudzi rwezvinhu zvepolymer zvine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana. Kukura kwakasimba kwe super-absorbent polymer resin kune mukana mukuru wemusika. Gore rino, pasi pemamiriro ekusanaya kwemvura uye mvura shoma munzvimbo zhinji dzekuchamhembe kwenyika yangu, maitiro ekusimudzira nekushandisa superabsorbent polymers ibasa guru rinotarisana nesainzi yezvekurima nemasango nematekiniki. Munguva yekuitwa kweWestern Development Strategy, mubasa rekuvandudza ivhu, gadzira nesimba uye shandisa mabasa akawanda anoshanda ema super-absorbent polymers, ane mabhenefiti echokwadi munharaunda uye anogona kuve ehupfumi. Zhuhai Demi Chemicals inofukidza nzvimbo inopfuura 30,000 square metres. Inonyanya kutsvagisa nekugadzira uye kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvine chekuita ne super-absorbent materials (SAP). Ndiyo kambani yekutanga yemuno inobatanidzwa muma super-absorbent resins anobatanidza tsvakurudzo yesainzi, kugadzira, kutengesa, uye masevhisi ehunyanzvi. Kambani iyi ine kodzero dzepfuma dzepfungwa dzakazvimiririra, kugona kwakasimba kwekutsvaga nekusimudzira, uye inogara ichiburitsa zvigadzirwa zvitsva. Chirongwa ichi chiri mu "chirongwa chetochi" yenyika uye chakarumbidzwa kakawanda nehurumende dzenyika, dzematunhu nedzemaguta.
Nzvimbo Yekushandisa
1. Mashandisirwo mukurima nekurima
Resin inonyudza mvura inoshandiswa mukurima nekurima inonziwo chinhu chinochengetedza mvura uye chinogadzirisa ivhu. Nyika yangu inyika ine kushomeka kwakanyanya kwemvura pasi rose. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinochengetedza mvura kuri kuramba kuchikosha. Parizvino, masangano ekutsvagisa emuno anopfuura gumi nemaviri akagadzira zvigadzirwa zveresin zvinonyudza mvura yakawanda zvezviyo, donje, mafuta, neshuga. , Fodya, michero, miriwo, masango nedzimwe mhando dzezvirimwa dzinopfuura makumi matanhatu, nzvimbo yekusimudzirwa inodarika mahekita zviuru makumi manomwe, uye kushandiswa kweresin inonyudza mvura yakawanda muNorthwest, Inner Mongolia nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekugadzira sand control greening area. Resin dzinonyudza mvura yakawanda dzinoshandiswa muchikamu ichi zvinonyanya kushandiswa mu starch grafted acrylate polymer cross-linked products uye acrylamide-acrylate copolymer cross-linked products, umo munyu wakachinja kubva ku sodium type kuenda ku potassium type. Nzira huru dzinoshandiswa ndeyekupfekedza mbeu, kupfapfaidza, kuisa maburi, kana kunyikisa midzi yemiti mushure mekusanganiswa nemvura kugadzira paste. Panguva imwe chete, resin inonyudza zvakanyanya inogona kushandiswa kuputira fetiraiza uye yozoisa fetiraiza, kuitira kuti ishandise zvizere mwero wekushandiswa kwefeteraiza uye kudzivirira marara nekusvibiswa. Nyika dzekunze dzinoshandisawo resin inonyudza zvakanyanya sezvinhu zvitsva zvekuchengetedza michero, miriwo nechikafu.
2. Kushandiswa kwayo mukurapa nekuchenesa kunonyanya kushandiswa sema napkins ekuchenesa, manapukeni evana, manapukeni, mapaketi echando ekurapa; zvinhu zvinonhuhwirira zvakaita sejeli zvekushandisa zuva nezuva kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze. Inoshandiswa sezvinhu zvekurapa zvemafuta ekuzora, makirimu, marimu, macataplasm, nezvimwewo, ine mabasa ekunyorovesa, kukora, kupinda kweganda uye kuchenesa. Inogonawo kugadzirwa kuita kutakura kwakangwara kunodzora huwandu hwemushonga unoburitswa, nguva yekuburitswa, uye nzvimbo yekuburitswa.
3. Kushandiswa muindasitiri
Shandisa basa re super absorbent resin kunwisa mvura pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kuburitsa mvura pakupisa kwakaderera kuti ugadzire chinhu chinodzivirira hunyoro mumaindasitiri. Mumabasa ekudzoreredza mafuta emumunda wemafuta, kunyanya muminda yekare yemafuta, kushandiswa kwe ultra-high molecular weight polyacrylamide aqueous solutions yekudzinga mafuta kunoshanda zvikuru. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa pakupedza mvura kubva mu organic solvents, kunyanya kune organic solvents ine polarity yakaderera. Kunewo maindasitiri thickeners, pendi dzinonyunguduka mumvura, nezvimwewo.
4.Kushandiswa mukuvaka
Chinhu chinokurumidza kuzvimba chinoshandiswa mumapurojekiti ekuchengetedza mvura iresini yakachena inonyudza mvura, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakuvhara matune edhamu munguva yemafashamo, uye kuvhara mvura yekubatanidza makamuri epasi, matune nemigwagwa yepasi pevhu; inoshandiswa pakuchenesa tsvina yemumaguta uye mapurojekiti ekuchera. Madhaka acho anosimbiswa kuti zvive nyore kuchera nekutakura.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-08-2021