1. Chii chinonzi flocculants, coagulants uye conditioners?
Mishonga iyi inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvinotevera zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana mukurapa kwesludge press filtration:
Flocculant: dzimwe nguva inonzi coagulant, inogona kushandiswa senzira yekusimbisa kupatsanurwa kwemvura yakasimba, inoshandiswa mutangi rekutanga re sedimentation, tangi rechipiri re sedimentation, tangi re flotation uye treatment yepamusoro kana maitiro epamusoro ekurapa.
Rubatsiro rwekusunga majoini: Mishonga inobatsira yekuwedzera kusimba kweganda inoita basa rekuwedzera kusimba kweganda.
Chinotonhodza: Chinozivikanwawo semushonga wekudzima mvura, chinoshandiswa kugadzirisa tsvina yasara isati yabviswa mvura, uye mhando dzacho dzinosanganisira mamwe emaflocculants nemacoagulants ataurwa pamusoro apa.
2. Flocculant
Maflocculant imhando yezvinhu zvinogona kuderedza kana kubvisa kugadzikana kwemvura uye kugadzikana kwepolymerization yezvikamu zvakapararira mumvura, uye kuita kuti zvikamu zvakapararira zviungane uye zviungane kuita zvikamu zvekubvisa.
Zvichienderana nemakemikari aripo, zvinhu zvinosanganisa makemikari zvinogona kukamurwa kuita zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa (inorganic flocculants) uye zvinhu zvinosanganisa makemikari (organic flocculants).
Zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa
Munyu weAluminium unonyanya kusanganisira aluminium sulfate (AL2(SO4)3∙18H2O), alum (AL2(SO4)3∙K2SO4∙24H2O), sodium aluminate (NaALO3), munyu wesimbi unonyanya kusanganisira ferric chloride (FeCL3∙6H20), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4∙6H20) uye ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3∙2H20).
Kazhinji, zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa zvine hunhu hwekuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa zviri nyore, kugadzirira kuri nyore, mutengo wakaderera, uye mhedzisiro yekurapa iri pakati nepakati, saka zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa nemvura.
Chinhu chinogadzirwa nepolymer chisina kuchena
Mapolymers ehydroxyl neokisijeni eAl(III) neFe(III) achabatanidzwazve kuita ma aggregates, ayo achachengetwa mumvura ine mvura pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, uye saizi yawo yezvikamu ichave iri mu nanometer range. Mugumisiro wehuwandu hwakawanda.
Kana tichienzanisa maitiro avo ekuita uye polymerization, maitiro e aluminium polymer ari munyoro uye chimiro chayo chakasimba, nepo hydrolyzed polymer yesimbi ichikurumidza kurasikirwa nekugadzikana uye kudonha kwemvura.
Zvakanakira zvema "inorganic polymer flocculants" zvinoratidzwa nekuti zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura ma "flocculants" echinyakare akadai sealuminium sulfate ne ferric chloride, uye zvakachipa pane ma "organic polymer flocculants". Iye zvino Polyaluminum chloride yave kushandiswa zvinobudirira mumabasa akasiyana-siyana ekuchenesa mvura, mvura yakasviba yemumaindasitiri uye tsvina yemumaguta, kusanganisira kurapwa kwekutanga, kurapwa kwepakati uye kurapwa kwepamusoro, uye zvishoma nezvishoma yave chinhu chikuru che "flocculant". Zvisinei, maererano nechimiro, mwero we "polymerization" uye zvinoenderana ne "coagulation-flocculation effect", ma "inorganic polymer flocculants" achiri munzvimbo pakati pe "traditional metal salt flocculants" nema "organic polymer flocculants".
Polyaluminum chloride, pac,msds policloruro de aluminio,cas no 1327 41 9,policloruro de aluminio,pac chemical yekurapa mvura, poly aluminium chloride, inonzi PAC, ine fomura yemakemikari ALn(OH)mCL3n-m. PAC ielectrolyte ine valentine yakawanda inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya colloidal charge yetsvina yakaita sevhu (multiple negative charges) mumvura. Nekuda kwehukuru hwemamorekuru uye kugona kwakasimba kwe adsorption, ma flocs akaumbwa akakura, uye flocculation uye sedimentation performance iri nani pane mamwe ma flocculants.
Poly aluminium chloride ine mwero wepamusoro wepolymerization, uye kukurumidza kusanganisa mushure mekuwedzera kunogona kupfupisa nguva yekuumbwa kwefloc. Poly aluminium chloride PAC hainyanyi kukanganiswa nekupisa kwemvura, uye inoshanda zvakanaka kana tembiricha yemvura yakaderera. Inoderedza pH yemvura shoma, uye pH yakakodzera yakakura (inogona kushandiswa muhuwandu hwepH=5~9), saka hazvidiwi kuwedzera alkaline agent. Chiyero chePAC chidiki, huwandu hwevhu hunogadzirwawo hushoma, uye kushandiswa, manejimendi uye mashandiro zviri nyore, uye haina kukuvadza zvakanyanya kumidziyo nemapaipi. Naizvozvo, PAC ine tsika yekutsiva aluminium sulfate zvishoma nezvishoma mumunda wekurapa mvura, uye kushaya kwayo ndekwekuti mutengo wakakwira kupfuura wezvinhu zvechinyakare zveflocculants.
Pamusoro pezvo, kubva pakuona kwekemikari yemhinduro,PAC poly aruminiyamu chloridendiyo kinetic intermediate product ye hydrolysis-polymerization-precipitation reaction process ye aluminum salt, iyo isingagadzikane ne thermodynamically. Kazhinji, zvigadzirwa zve PAC zve liquid zvinofanirwa kushandiswa munguva pfupi (zvigadzirwa zvakasimba zvine mashandiro akagadzikana). , zvinogona kuchengetwa kwenguva yakareba). Kuwedzera mamwe munyu we inorganic (wakadai se CaCl2, MnCl2, nezvimwewo) kana macromolecules (akadai se polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, nezvimwewo) kunogona kuvandudza kugadzikana kwe PAC, uye kunogona kuwedzera kugona kubatana.
Panyaya yekugadzirwa, imwe kana akawanda anions akasiyana (akadai seSO42-, PO43-, nezvimwewo) anounzwa mukugadzirwa kwePAC, uye chimiro chepolymer uye kugoverwa kwechimiro zvinogona kuchinjwa kusvika pamwero wakati ne polymerization, nokudaro zvichivandudza kugadzikana uye kushanda kwePAC; kana zvimwe zvikamu zvecationic, zvakaita seFe3+, zvikaunzwa mukugadzirwa kwePAC kuti Al3+ neFe3+ staggered hydrolytically polymerized, composite flocculant polyaluminum iron inogona kuwanikwa.
Flocculant ye polymer ye organic
Maflocculant epolymer ekugadzirwa kwezvinhu anowanzova mapolypropylene nezvinhu zvepolyethylene, zvakaita sepolyacrylamide nepolyethyleneimine. Maflocculant aya ese ari macromolecules anonyungudika mumvura, macromolecule yega yega ine mayuniti akawanda anodzokororwa ane mapoka akachajwa, saka anonziwo mapolyelectrolytes. Awo ane mapoka akachajwa zvakanaka ndiwo ma cationic polyelectrolytes, uye ayo ane mapoka akachajwa zvakaipa ndiwo ma anionic polyelectrolytes, asina mapoka akachajwa zvakanaka kana asina, uye anonzi nonionic polyelectrolytes.
Parizvino, mapolymer flocculants anonyanya kushandiswa ianionic, uye anogona chete kubatsira mukuvharika kwetsvina yecolloidal ine charge yakaipa mumvura. Kazhinji haigone kushandiswa yoga, asi inoshandiswa pamwe chete nealuminium salts ne iron salts. MaCationic flocculants anogona kutamba basa rekuvharika uye kuvharika panguva imwe chete uye anoshandiswa oga, saka akura nekukurumidza.
Parizvino, mapolymers epolyacrylamide asiri ionic anoshandiswa kakawanda munyika yangu, ayo anowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete nesimbi nearuminiyamu. Kushanda kwemagetsi kwesimbi nearuminiyamu munyu pazvikamu zvecolloidal uye basa rakanaka remapolymer flocculants zvinoshandiswa kuti pave nemigumisiro inogutsa yekurapa. Polyacrylamide ine hunhu hwemuyero mudiki, kukurumidza kuonda, uye mafloc makuru uye akaoma ari kushandiswa. 80% yemaflocculants epolymer akagadzirwa munyika yangu parizvino ndiwo chigadzirwa ichi.
Polyacrylamide PAM, polyelectrolyte inoshandiswa, polyelectrolyte cationic powder, cationic polyelectrolyte, cationic polymer, cationic polyacrylamide ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa synthetic organic polymer flocculant, polyelectrolyte, uye dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa se coagulant. Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nepolyacrylamide ipolyacrylonitrile CH2=CHCN. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, acrylonitrile inonyungudutswa kuita acrylamide, uye acrylamide inozoiswa mu suspension polymerization kuti iwane polyacrylamide. Polyacrylamide i resin inonyunguduka mumvura, uye zvigadzirwa zvacho zvine granular solid uye viscous aqueous solution ine concentration yakati.
Mhando chaiyo yepolyacrylamide iri mumvura ndeye random coil. Nekuti random coil ine saizi yakati yezvikamu uye mamwe mapoka emaamide pamusoro payo, inogona kutamba bridging uye adsorption capacity inoenderana, kureva kuti, ine saizi yakati yezvikamu.
Zvisinei, nekuti cheni refu yepolyacrylamide yakakombama kuita coil, huwandu hwayo hwekukomberedza hushoma. Mushure mekunge mapoka maviri eamide abatanidzwa, zvakaenzana nekudzima kwekubatana uye kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo mbiri dzekunyungudutsa. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe mapoka eamide akaputirwa muchimiro checoil. Mukati mayo hamugone kubata nekunyungudutsa zvidimbu zvetsvina mumvura, saka kugona kwayo kunyungudutsa hakugone kushandiswa zvizere.
Kuti vaparadzanise mapoka emaamide akabatana zvakare uye vabudise mapoka emaamide akavanzika kunze, vanhu vanoedza kuwedzera coil isina kurongeka zvakakodzera, uye vanotoedza kuwedzera mamwe mapoka ane macation kana maanion kune refu molecular chain, uku vachivandudza adsorption uye bridging ability uye mhedzisiro ye electric neutralization uye compression ye electric double layer. Nenzira iyi, nhevedzano ye polyacrylamide flocculants kana coagulants ine hunhu hwakasiyana inotorwa zvichibva paPAM.
Mukurapa mvura yakasviba nekubatanidza mvura, dzimwe nguva flocculant imwe chete haigone kuita kuti mvura isanganiswe zvakanaka, uye kazhinji zvinodikanwa kuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira kuti mvura isanganiswe. Iyi assistant agent inonzi coagulation aid. Coagulants dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya dzinosanganisira chlorine, lime, activated silicic acid, bone glue uye sodium alginate, activated carbon uye ivhu rakasiyana-siyana.
Mamwe macoagulants pachawo haaite basa rekuonda, asi nekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa mamiriro ekuonda, anoita basa rekubatsira maflocculants kuti aite kuti macoagulants aite. Mamwe macoagulants anobatanidzwa mukuumbwa kwemafloc, kuvandudza chimiro chefloc, uye anogona kuita kuti mafloc akanaka uye akasununguka anogadzirwa nemaflocculants asina kugadzirwa ave mafloc akaomarara uye akaomarara.
4. Chinotonhodza
Zvinogadzirisa mvura mumuviri, zvinozivikanwawo sezvinhu zvinobvisa mvura mumuviri, zvinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: zvinogadzirisa mvura mumuviri (inorganic conditioners) nezvinodzivirira mvura mumuviri (organic conditioners). Zvinodzivirira mvura mumuviri (inorganic conditioners) zvinowanzo kukodzera kusvina tsvina mumhepo (vacuum cleaner) uye kusvina tsvina muplate neframe, nepo zvinogadzirisa mvura mumuviri (organic conditioners) zvakakodzera kusvina mvura mu centrifugal uye kusvina tsvina mu bhandi.
5. hukama huripo pakatimishonga inodziya, inodziya macoagulants, uye inotonhodza
Chinhu chinobvisa mvura mumuviri ndicho chinhu chinowedzerwa mvura isati yapera, kureva chinhu chinogadzirisa mvura mumuviri, saka zvinoreva chinhu chinobvisa mvura mumuviri uye chinhu chinogadzirisa mvura zvakafanana. Chiyero chechinhu chinobvisa mvura mumuviri kana chinhu chinogadzirisa mvura chinowanzo verengerwa sechikamu chehuremu hwezvinhu zvakaoma zvemuviri.
Maflocculant anoshandiswa kubvisa zvinhu zvakaoma zvakasungirirwa mutsvina uye zvinhu zvakakosha pakurapa mvura. Chiyero cheflocculant chinowanzoonekwa nehuwandu hunowedzerwa muhuwandu hwemvura inofanira kugadziriswa.
Chiyero chemushonga unobvisa mvura mumuviri (conditioner agent), flocculant, uye coagulation aid zvinogona kunzi chiyero. Chiyero chimwe chete chinogona kushandiswa seflocculant pakurapa tsvina, uye chinogona kushandiswa se conditioner kana dewatering agent pakurapa tsvina yakawandisa.
Macoagulant anonzi macoagulant kana achishandiswa semaflocculant pakurapa mvura. Macoagulant akafanana haawanzonzi macoagulant pakurapa tsvina yakawandisa, asi pamwe chete anonzi maconditioner kana kuti dehydrating agents.
Kana uchishandisaflocculant, sezvo huwandu hwezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa mumvura hwakaganhurirwa, kuti pave nekubatana kwakazara pakati peflocculant nezvidimbu zvakanyungudutswa, nzvimbo dzekusanganisa nekuita zvinoda kugadzirirwa nguva yakakwana. Semuenzaniso, kusanganisa kunotora makumi emasekonzi kusvika kumaminitsi akati wandei, Kuita uku kunoda maminetsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu. Kana matope abviswa mvura, zvinowanzotora makumi mashoma emasekonzi kubva apo conditioner inowedzerwa kune matope ichipinda mumuchina wekudonhedza mvura, ndiko kuti, maitiro ekusanganisa chete akaenzana neflocculant, uye hapana nguva yekuita, uye ruzivo rwakaratidzawo kuti mhedzisiro yekugadzirisa ichawedzera nekugara. yakadzikira nekufamba kwenguva.
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Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-09-2022