1. Chii chinonzi flocculants, coagulants uye conditioners?
Aya maajenti anogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvinotevera zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwakasiyana mune sludge press filtration treatment:
Flocculant: dzimwe nguva inonzi coagulant, inogona kushandiswa senzira yekusimbisa yakasimba-yemvura kupatsanurwa, inoshandiswa mukutanga sedimentation tank, yechipiri sedimentation tank, flotation tank uye tertiary kurapwa kana advanced treatment process.
Coagulation aid: Anobatsira flocculants anoita basa rekusimudzira coagulation mhedzisiro.
Conditioner: Iyo inozivikanwawo se dewatering agent, inoshandiswa kugadzirisa sludge yasara isati yadirwa, uye marudzi ayo anosanganisira mamwe ataurwa pamusoro apa flocculants uye coagulants.
2. Flocculant
Flocculants ikirasi yezvinhu zvinogona kuderedza kana kubvisa kugadzikana kwemvura uye kugadzikana kwepolymerization yezvimedu zvakapararira mumvura, uye kuita kuti zvidimbu zvakaparadzirwa zviunganidze uye zvinyunguduke kuita aggregates kuti zvibviswe.
Zvinoenderana nekuumbwa kwemakemikari, flocculants inogona kukamurwa kuita inorganic flocculants uye organic flocculants.
Inorganic flocculants
Iwo echinyakare inorganic flocculants yakaderera molecular aruminiyamu munyu uye iron munyu. Aluminium munyu inonyanya kusanganisira aruminiyamu sulfate (AL2(SO4)3∙18H2O), alum (AL2(SO4)3∙K2SO4∙24H2O), sodium aluminate (NaALO3), iron salts kunyanya inosanganisira ferric chloride (FeCL3∙6H20), ferrous sulfate FeSO4∙6H20) uye ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3∙2H20).
Kazhinji kutaura, inorganic flocculants ine hunhu hwekuwanikwa nyore kwezvinhu mbishi, kugadzirira kuri nyore, mutengo wakaderera, uye zvine mwero kurapwa maitiro, saka iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa kwemvura.
Inorganic polymer flocculant
Iyo hydroxyl uye oxygen-based polymers yeAl (III) uye Fe (III) ichawedzerwa kusanganiswa kuita aggregates, ayo anozochengetwa mumushonga wemvura mune mamwe mamiriro, uye saizi yavo ichange iri mu nanometer renji. Mhedzisiro yepamusoro dosage.
Kuenzanisa maitiro avo uye mapolymerization mazinga, maitiro ealuminium polymer ane hunyoro uye chimiro chakanyanya kugadzikana, nepo hydrolyzed polymer yesimbi inobata nekukurumidza uye nyore kurasikirwa nekugadzikana uye kunaya.
Zvakanakira zveinorganic polymer flocculants zvinoratidzwa mukuti inoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura zvechinyakare flocculants sealuminium sulfate uye ferric chloride, uye yakachipa kupfuura organic polymer flocculants. Iye zvino Polyaluminium chloride yakashandiswa zvinobudirira mukurapa kwakasiyana-siyana kwemvura, mvura yetsvina yemumaindasitiri netsvina yemumaguta, kusanganisira pretreatment, kurapwa kwepakati uye kurapwa kwepamusoro, uye zvishoma nezvishoma yave flocculant yakawanda. Nekudaro, maererano ne morphology, dhigirii repolymerization uye inoenderana coagulation-flocculation mhedzisiro, inorganic polymer flocculants ichiri munzvimbo pakati pechinyakare simbi munyu flocculants uye organic polymer flocculants.
Polyaluminium chloride, pac,msds policloruro de aluminio,cas no 1327 41 9,policloruro de aluminio,pac kemikari yekuchenesa mvura,poly aluminium chloride,inonzi PAC, ine kemikari formula ALn(OH)mCL3n-m. PAC inonzi multivalent electrolyte inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya colloidal charge yevhu-sekusvibiswa kwevhu (multiple negative charges) mumvura. Nekuda kwehukuru hukuru hwemamorekuru uye yakasimba adsorption kugona, maflocs akaumbwa akakura, uye flocculation uye sedimentation kuita kuri nani pane mamwe maflocculants.
poly aluminium chloride ine yakakwira dhigirii yepolymerization, uye nekukurumidza kubvongodza mushure mekuwedzera kunogona kupfupisa zvakanyanya nguva yekugadzira floc. poly aluminium chloride PAC haina kukanganiswa nekupisa kwemvura, uye inoshanda nemazvo kana tembiricha yemvura yadzikira. Iyo inoderedza pH kukosha kwemvura kushoma, uye iyo inoshanda pH renji yakakura (inogona kushandiswa muhuwandu hwepH = 5 ~ 9), saka hazvifanirwe kuwedzera alkaline agent. Muyero wePAC idiki, huwandu hwemadhaka anogadzirwa idiki, uye mashandisiro, manejimendi uye mashandiro ari nyore, uye zvakare haina kukanganisa kumidziyo nemapombi. Naizvozvo, PAC ine tsika yekutsiva zvishoma nezvishoma aruminiyamu sulfate mumunda wekurapa kwemvura, uye kusaipira kwayo ndeyekuti mutengo wakakwira kupfuura iwo echinyakare flocculants.
Mukuwedzera, kubva pakuona kwekugadzirisa chemistry,PAC poly aluminium chloridendiyo kinetic yepakati chigadzirwa chehydrolysis-polymerization-precipitation reaction process yealuminium munyu, iyo isingagadzike thermodynamically. Kazhinji, zvinwiwa zvePAC zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kushandiswa munguva pfupi yenguva (yakasimba zvigadzirwa zvine kuita kwakagadzikana). , inogona kuchengetwa kwenguva yakareba). Kuwedzera mamwe munyu inorganic (akadai seCaCl2, MnCl2, nezvimwewo) kana macromolecules (senge polyvinyl doro, polyacrylamide, nezvimwewo) inogona kuvandudza kugadzikana kwePAC, uye inogona kuwedzera kugona kwekubatana.
Panyaya yekugadzirwa kwemaitiro, imwe kana akati wandei akasiyana anion (senge SO42-, PO43-, nezvimwewo) inounzwa mukugadzirwa kwePAC, uye chimiro chepolymer uye morphological kugovera kunogona kuchinjwa kune imwe nhanho nepolymerization, nekudaro. kuvandudza Kugadzikana uye kushanda kwePAC; kana zvimwe zvikamu zve cationic, senge Fe3 +, zvinounzwa mukugadzira nzira yePAC kuti iite Al3+ neFe3+ yakadzedzereka hydrolytically polymerized, composite flocculant polyaluminium iron inogona kuwanikwa.
Organic polymer flocculant
Synthetic organic polymer flocculants kazhinji polypropylene uye polyethylene zvinhu, senge polyacrylamide uye polyethyleneimine. Aya maflocculants ese emvura-anonyungudika mutsara macromolecules, imwe neimwe macromolecule ine akawanda anodzokorora mayuniti ane mapoka akachajiswa, saka anonziwo polyelectrolytes. Ayo ane mapoka anochajiswa zvakanaka anonzi cationic polyelectrolytes, uye ayo ane mapolyelectrolytes anionic anionic polyelectrolytes, ayo asina mapoka akanaka kana akashata, uye anonzi nonionic polyelectrolytes.
Parizvino, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa yepolymer flocculants ndeye anionic, uye inogona chete kuita basa mukubatsira kubatanidzwa kwehuipi husina kuchena hutsvina hwecolloidal mumvura. Kazhinji haigone kushandiswa yoga, asi inoshandiswa pamwe chete nealuminium salt uye iron salt. Cationic flocculants inogona kuita basa rekubatanidza uye flocculation panguva imwe chete uye inoshandiswa yoga, saka yakakurumidza kukura.
Parizvino, polyacrylamide isiri-ionic polymers inoshandiswa kakawanda munyika yangu, iyo inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete nesimbi uye aluminiyamu munyu. Iyo yemagetsi neutralization mhedzisiro yesimbi nealuminium munyu pane colloidal particles uye yakanakisa flocculation basa repolymer flocculants rinoshandiswa kuwana zvinogutsa kurapwa mhedzisiro. Polyacrylamide ine hunhu hwehushoma dosage, kukurumidza coagulation kumhanya, uye makuru uye akaoma flocs mukushandiswa. 80% yezvakagadzirwa organic polymer flocculants parizvino inogadzirwa munyika yangu ndicho chigadzirwa ichi.
Polyacrylamide PAM,polyelectrolyte inoshandisa,polyelectrolyte cationic poda,cationic polyelectrolyte,cationic polymer,cationic polyacrylamide ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira organic polymer flocculant, polyelectrolyte, uye dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa se coagulant. Kugadzira mbishi zvinhu zvepolyacrylamide ndeye polyacrylonitrile CH2=CHCN. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, acrylonitrile inogadzirwa nehydrolyzed kuita acrylamide, uye acrylamide inobva yaiswa pasi pekumiswa kwepolymerization kuti iwane polyacrylamide. Polyacrylamide iresin inonyungudika nemvura, uye zvigadzirwa zvine granular yakasimba uye viscous aqueous solution ine imwe concentration.
Iyo chaiyo iripo fomu yepolyacrylamide mumvura ndeye random coil. Nekuti iyo coil isina kujairika ine imwe saizi uye mamwe mapoka amide pamusoro payo, inogona kutamba inoenderana bhiriji uye adsorption kugona, kureva kuti, ine imwe particle size. imwe flocculation capacity.
Nekudaro, nekuti cheni refu yepolyacrylamide yakamonerwa kuita coil, bhiriji renji idiki. Mushure mekunge mapoka maviri e-amide akabatanidzwa, zvakaenzana nekuregererwa kwekubatana kwekubatana uye kurasikirwa kwemasaiti maviri ekushambadza. Mukuwedzera, mamwe emapoka e-amide akaputirwa muhutano hwekoiri Mukati payo haigoni kubata uye kushambadza tsvina dzisina kuchena mumvura, saka kukwanisa kwayo kushambadza haigoni kushandiswa zvizere.
Kuti aparadzanise mapoka eamide akabatanidzwa zvakare uye afumure mapoka eamide akavanzika kune kunze, vanhu vanoedza kuwedzera coil isina kujairika zvakakodzera, uye kunyange kuedza kuwedzera mamwe mapoka ane cations kana anions kune yakareba molecular chain , apo ichivandudza adsorption uye bhiriji kugona uye mhedzisiro yemagetsi neutralization uye kudzvanywa kweyemagetsi kaviri layer. Nenzira iyi, nhevedzano yepolyacrylamide flocculants kana coagulants ine akasiyana zvivakwa inotorwa pahwaro hwePAM.
Mukugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa kwemvura yetsvina, dzimwe nguva imwe flocculant haigone kuita yakanaka coagulation mhedzisiro, uye kazhinji zvinodikanwa kuwedzera mamwe anobatsira kuvandudza iyo coagulation mhedzisiro. Mubatsiri uyu anodaidzwa kuti coagulation aid. Anowanzo shandiswa coagulants chlorine, lime, activated silicic acid, bone glue uye sodium alginate, activated kabhoni uye akasiyana ivhu.
Mamwe macoagulants pachawo haaite basa mukubatana, asi nekugadzirisa uye nekuvandudza coagulation mamiriro, vanoita basa rekubatsira flocculants kugadzira coagulation mhedzisiro. Mamwe macoagulants anotora chikamu mukuumbwa kwema flocs, anovandudza chimiro cheiyo flocs, uye anogona kugadzira iyo yakanaka uye yakasununguka flocs inogadzirwa neinorganic flocculants kuita yakaoma uye yakasimba flocs.
4. Conditioner
Maconditioners, anozivikanwawo seanobvisa mvura mumuviri, anogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: inorganic conditioners uye organic conditioners. Inorganic conditioners inowanzokodzera vacuum filtration uye ndiro uye furemu kusefa kwesludge, nepo organic conditioners inokodzera centrifugal dewatering uye bhandi sefa yekubvisa mvura yesludge.
5.hukama huripoflocculants, coagulants, uye conditioners
Iyo dehydrating agent ndiyo mumiriri wakawedzerwa sludge isati yapera mvura, ndiko kuti, iyo inogadzirisa agent yesludge, saka zvinoreva dehydrating agent uye conditioning agent yakafanana. Iyo dosage ye dewatering agent kana conditioning agent inowanzoverengerwa sechikamu chehuremu hwezvakaoma zvakaoma zvesludge.
Flocculants inoshandiswa kubvisa zvakasimwa zvakasimba mumvura yetsvina uye zvakakosha vashandi mumunda wekugadzirisa mvura. Muyero we flocculant unowanzo kuratidzwa nehuwandu hunowedzerwa muhuwandu hwehuwandu hwemvura inogadziriswa.
Iyo dosage ye dehydrating agent (conditioning agent), flocculant, uye coagulation rubatsiro inogona kunzi dosage. Iyo imwechete mumiriri inogona kushandiswa se flocculant mukurapa kwetsvina, uye inogona kushandiswa seyakagadziriswa kana dewatering agent mukurapwa kwedhaka rakawandisa.
Coagulants inonzi coagulants kana ichishandiswa semaflocculants mumunda wekugadzirisa mvura. Iwo macoagulants akafanana haawanzo kunzi coagulants mukurapwa kwedhaka rakawandisa, asi pamwe chete anonzi maconditioners kana dehydrating agents.
Paunenge uchishandisa aflocculant, sezvo huwandu hwezvakarembera zvakasimbiswa mumvura zvishoma, kuitira kuti uwane kuwirirana kwakazara pakati pe flocculant uye yakamiswa zvimedu, kusanganisa uye kugadzirisa zvivako zvinoda kugadzirirwa nenguva yakakwana. Semuenzaniso, kusanganisa kunotora makumi emasekonzi kusvika kumaminitsi akati wandei, Kuita kunoda maminitsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu. Kana sludge ichibviswa mvura, inowanzotora makumi mashoma emasekonzi kubva apo iyo conditioner inowedzerwa kune sludge inopinda muchina wekubvisa mvura, ndiko kuti, chete nzira yekusanganisa yakaenzana neiyo flocculant, uye hapana nguva yekuita, uye ruzivo yakaratidzawo kuti mamiriro ekugadzirisa achawedzera nekugara. yakaderera nekufamba kwenguva.
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Nguva yekutumira: Jul-09-2022