Sei mvura ine saline yakawanda ichikanganisa zvikuru tupukanana?

Ngatitangei tatsanangura kuyedza kwekumanikidzwa kwe osmotic: shandisa membrane inopindira zvishoma kuti uparadzanise mhinduro mbiri dzemunyu dzakasiyana. Mamorekuru emvura e low-concentration salt solution achapfuura nepakati pe membrane inopindira zvishoma achipinda mu high-concentration salt solution, uye mamorekuru emvura e high-concentration salt solution achapfuurawo nepakati pe semi-permeable membrane achipinda mu low-concentration salt solution, asi nhamba yacho idiki, saka mwero wemvura uri padivi re high-concentration salt solution uchakwira. Kana musiyano wekukwirira kwemazinga emvura kumativi ese uchiburitsa kumanikidzwa kwakakwana kudzivirira mvura kuti isayerere zvakare, osmosis ichamira. Panguva ino, kumanikidzwa kunokonzerwa nekusiyana kwekukwirira kwemazinga emvura kumativi ese ndiko kumanikidzwa kwe osmotic. Kazhinji, kana huwandu hwemunyu hwakakwira, kumanikidzwa kwe osmotic kunowedzera.

Mamiriro ezvinhu ema microorganisms mumvura ine munyu akafanana nekuyedza kwe osmotic pressure. Maumbirwo eyuniti yema microorganisms masero, uye madziro esero akaenzana ne semi-permeable membrane. Kana huwandu hwe chloride ion huri pasi kana kuti hwakaenzana ne 2000mg/L, kumanikidzwa kwe osmotic kunogona kutsungirira madziro esero i 0.5-1.0 atmospheres. Kunyangwe kana madziro esero ne cytoplasmic membrane zvine kusimba uye elasticity yakati, kumanikidzwa kwe osmotic kunogona kutsungirira madziro esero hakuzove kwakakura kupfuura 5-6 atmospheres. Zvisinei, kana huwandu hwe chloride ion mu aqueous solution huri pamusoro pe 5000mg/L, kumanikidzwa kwe osmotic kuchawedzera kusvika pa 10-30 atmospheres. Pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwe osmotic, huwandu hwakawanda hwemamorekuru emvura mu microorganism hunopinda mu extracorporeal solution, zvichikonzera kushaya mvura mumuviri uye plasmolysis, uye muzviitiko zvakakomba, microorganism ichafa. Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, vanhu vanoshandisa munyu (sodium chloride) kuomesa miriwo nehove, kusvibisa uye kuchengetedza chikafu, inova ndiyo nzira yekushandisa iyi nheyo.

Ruzivo rwemainjiniya runoratidza kuti kana huwandu hwe chloride ion mumvura yakasviba hwakakura kupfuura 2000mg/L, kushanda kwetupukanana tunodzikamisa uye mwero wekubvisa COD uchaderera zvakanyanya; kana huwandu hwe chloride ion mumvura yakasviba hwakakura kupfuura 8000mg/L, zvichaita kuti vhoriyamu yetsvina iwedzere, furo rakawanda richaonekwa pamusoro pemvura, uye tupukanana tunofa kamwe chete mushure meimwe.

Zvisinei, mushure mekugara kwenguva refu, tupukanana tunozochinja zvishoma nezvishoma kuti tukure uye tubereke mumvura ine munyu wakawanda. Parizvino, vamwe vanhu vane tupukanana twakachengetwa tunogona kuchinjika kuhuwandu hwe chloride ion kana sulfate huri pamusoro pe 10000mg/L. Zvisinei, musimboti wekumanikidzwa kwe osmotic unotiudza kuti huwandu hwemunyu hwemasero etupukanana twakajaira kukura uye kubereka mumvura ine munyu wakawanda hwakakwira zvikuru. Kana huwandu hwemunyu mumvura yakasviba hwaderera kana kuti hwakaderera, huwandu hwakawanda hwemamorekuru emvura mumvura yakasviba hunopinda mutupukanana, zvichiita kuti masero etupukanana azvimbe, uye muzviitiko zvakakomba, anoputika uye afe. ​​Nokudaro, tupukanana twakachengetwa kwenguva yakareba uye twunogona kuchinjika zvishoma nezvishoma kukura uye kubereka mumvura ine munyu wakawanda hunoda kuti huwandu hwemunyu mu biochemical influent hugare hwakachengetwa padanho rakakwirira, uye hahugone kuchinja-chinja, zvikasadaro tupukanana tunofa twakawanda.