Regai ndikuudzei nezveSAP yamuri kufarira munguva pfupi yapfuura! Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) imhando itsva yezvinhu zvinoshanda zvepolymer. Ine basa guru rekunyudza mvura rinonyudza mvura inorema zvakapetwa mazana kusvika zviuru kupfuura iyo, uye ine simba rakanaka rekuchengetedza mvura. Kana yangonyudza mvura yoita hydrogel, zvinonetsa kuparadzanisa mvura kunyangwe yakamanikidzwa. Saka, ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana muminda yakasiyana-siyana yakadai sezvigadzirwa zvehutsanana, kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri nekurima, uye mainjiniya ehurumende.
Super absorbent resin rudzi rwemacromolecules ane hydrophilic groups uye cross-linked structure. Yakatanga kugadzirwa naFanta nevamwe nekubatanidza starch ne polyacrylonitrile uye yozobva yaita saponifying. Zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakagadziriswa, kune starch series (grafted, carboxymethylated, nezvimwewo), cellulose series (carboxymethylated, grafted, nezvimwewo), synthetic polymer series (polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxy Ethylene series, nezvimwewo) muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvichienzaniswa nestarch ne cellulose, polyacrylic acid superabsorbent resin ine zvakanakira zvakawanda zvakaita semutengo wakaderera wekugadzira, maitiro ari nyore, kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira, kugona kwakasimba kwekunwa mvura, uye kugara kwenguva refu kwechigadzirwa. Yave nzvimbo inonyanya kutsvakwa pari zvino muchikamu ichi.
Chii chiri musimboti wechigadzirwa ichi? Parizvino, polyacrylic acid inoumba 80% yeresin inonyungudutsa pasi rose. Resin inonyungudutsa pasi rose inowanzova polymer electrolyte ine boka rinonyungudutsa uye chimiro chakabatana. Isati yanyungudutsa mvura, cheni dzepolymer dzinova pedyo uye dzakabatana, dzakabatana kuti dzigadzire chimiro che network, kuitira kuti zvikwanise kusimba. Kana dzasangana nemvura, mamorekuru emvura anopinda muresin kuburikidza ne capillary action uye diffusion, uye mapoka e ionized ari pacheni anonyungudika mumvura. Nekuda kwekudzoserwa kwe electrostatic pakati pemaion akafanana pacheni, cheni ye polymer inotambanuka uye inozvimba. Nekuda kwekuda kwe electrical neutral, counter ions haigoni kutamira kunze kweresin, uye musiyano wekuwanda kwemaion pakati pe solution mukati nekunze kweresin unoumba reverse osmotic pressure. Pasi pe action ye reverse osmosis pressure, mvura inopinda zvakare muresin kuti igadzire hydrogel. Panguva imwe chete, chimiro che network chakabatana pamwe chete ne hydrogen bonding ye resin pachayo zvinoganhurira kukura kusingagumi kwe gel. Kana mvura iine munyu mushoma, kumanikidzwa kwe reverse osmotic kunodzikira, uye panguva imwe chete, nekuda kwekudzivirira kwe counter ion, cheni ye polymer inodzikira, zvichikonzera kudzikira kukuru kwekugona kwe resin kupinza mvura. Kazhinji, kugona kwemvura kunopinda mu resin inopinza mvura mu 0.9% NaCl solution kunongova 1/10 chete yemvura yakabviswa ion. Kupinza mvura uye kuchengetedza mvura zvinhu zviviri zvedambudziko rimwe chete. Lin Runxiong nevamwe vake vakakurukura nezvazvo mu thermodynamics. Pasi pekupisa kwakati uye kumanikidzwa, resin inopinza mvura inogona kupinza mvura yoga, uye mvura inopinda mu resin, ichideredza free enthalpy ye system yese kusvika yasvika pakuenzana. Kana mvura ikabuda mu resin, ichiwedzera free enthalpy, hazvibatsiri kugadzikana kwe system. Kuongororwa kwekupisa kwakasiyana-siyana kunoratidza kuti 50% yemvura inonyudzwa neresin inonyudza mvura ichiri mugeji yegel pamusoro pe150°C. Saka, kunyangwe kana kumanikidzwa kukashandiswa patembiricha yakajairika, mvura haizobudi kubva muresin inonyudza mvura yakawanda, iyo inotsanangurwa nehunhu hwethermodynamic hweresin inonyudza mvura yakawanda.
Nguva inotevera, fonera chinangwa chaicho cheSAP.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-08-2021